What Is Cupping & How Is It Used by PTs?

Cupping therapy is a manual technique that involves applying suction cups to the skin to create negative pressure. Traditionally rooted in Chinese medicine, cupping has evolved and been adapted in various healthcare settings, including physical therapy. In modern physical therapy practice, cupping is often used as a soft tissue mobilization tool to help with pain relief, mobility, and tissue recovery. The technique can be particularly effective in addressing myofascial restrictions, scar tissue adhesions, and areas of poor circulation.

One of the main benefits of cupping in physical therapy is its ability to promote myofascial release. The suction lifts and decompresses the fascia and underlying tissues, creating space between the layers. This can help break up adhesions, reduce tightness, and restore mobility to tissues that may be stuck or restricted. Cupping is also used post-surgically or after injury to mobilize scar tissue, which can limit movement and contribute to chronic discomfort. By lifting rather than compressing the skin, cupping provides a unique method of tissue manipulation that is different from hands-on massage or foam rolling.

Cupping is also known to increase local blood flow and lymphatic drainage. The negative pressure brings fresh, oxygen-rich blood to the area, which supports healing and reduces inflammation. This is especially useful for patients dealing with chronic pain, stiffness, or poor circulation in specific regions. Increased blood flow can accelerate recovery from soft tissue injuries, reduce muscle fatigue, and help clear metabolic waste from sore or overworked muscles.

In physical therapy, manual cupping is often combined with movement or massage techniques for even greater effect. This form of “dynamic cupping” may involve gliding the cups along muscle fibers or fascia while the patient is guided through stretches or light movements. Manual silicone cups are commonly used for this purpose, allowing for adjustable suction and mobility. This method is distinct from traditional Chinese fire cupping, which typically uses glass cups and heat to create suction and is often performed in a stationary position for detoxification or meridian-based treatment.

Physical therapists focus instead on functional outcomes—like improved range of motion, reduced pain, and better tissue health—making cupping a valuable addition to modern musculoskeletal care.